منابع مشابه
Unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance subsequent learning.
Taking tests enhances learning. But what happens when one cannot answer a test question-does an unsuccessful retrieval attempt impede future learning or enhance it? The authors examined this question using materials that ensured that retrieval attempts would be unsuccessful. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were asked fictional general-knowledge questions (e.g., "What peace treaty ended the...
متن کاملThe pretesting effect: do unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance learning?
Testing previously studied information enhances long-term memory, particularly when the information is successfully retrieved from memory. The authors examined the effect of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on learning. Participants in 5 experiments read an essay about vision. In the test condition, they were asked about embedded concepts before reading the passage; in the extended study conditi...
متن کاملAn Analysis of Meaningless and Absurd Experiences in Unsuccessful Suicide Attempts in Iran
Background: Suicide is a multidimensional phenomenon and examining each of its dimensions can be useful in controlling this destructive social phenomenon. As such, this study aimed to investigate meaningless and absurd experiences in people who attempted suicide in Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative-descriptive phenomenology. The participants were selected using...
متن کاملCan Unsuccessful Tests Enhance Learning?
The testing effect is the phenomenon that testing enhances memory for previously studied content. Memory is particularly enhanced for items successfully retrieved during testing. Three experiments investigated the effects of testing before studying a time when participants were unlikely to successfully retrieve content. Participants read excerpts from an essay on vision. They were either asked ...
متن کاملLearning from Early Attempts to Measure Information Security Performance
The rapid evolution of threat ecosystems and the shifting focus of adversarial actions complicate efforts to assure security of an organization’s computer networks. Efforts to build a rigorous science of security, one consisting of sound and reproducible empirical evaluations, start with measures of these threats, their impacts, and the factors that influence both attackers and victims. In this...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Kobunshi
سال: 2001
ISSN: 0454-1138,2185-9825
DOI: 10.1295/kobunshi.50.119